"field of the tower," in Connaught, 80 years after the arrival of the Firbolgs, or B. C. 1222.

These Tuatha Danaan appear to be described by Sir Isaac Newton, as "a sort of men skilled in the religious mysteries, arts, and sciences of Phoenicia; who accompanied the Phoenicians and Syrians, conquered by David, that fled from their country, and settled in Crete, Lybia, &c. and introduced letters, music, poetry, and the fabrication of metals, &c. under several leaders, Phoenix, Cadmus, &c.-Newton's Short Chronicle, An. B. C. 1045.

The fifth expedition of the Scoti, Gudelians, or Milesians, from Spain, under the conduct of Heber and Heremon, was in the middle of Solomon's reign, B.C. 1002,* according to Coem-hain. They established themselves in Ireland, and drove the Damnonians into Connaught; a part of which was called Erros Damnoniorum by Adamnanus, in the sixth century, and still retains the name of the barony of Erris, bordering on the western ocean.

Kinea Scuit, the posterity of the Iberian Scoti, who settled in Spain, came to Ireland about a thousand years before Christ." Charles O'Conor, Esq.-Vallancey's Essay, &c. p. 171.

A hundred years after this expedition, or B.C. 902, Tigernmach, king of Ireland, introduced the worship of idols, Crum Cruagh, &c. in addition to the former adoration of the heavenly host, or sabianism, of the primitive Druids or Diviners.-Essay, p. 160.

The Irish annalists, Coemhain, Modudius, &c. reckoned 136 kings of Ireland to Loagaire, in the fourth year of whose reign St. Patrick came to Ireland, A. D. 432; of which number, 9 were Firbolgs, 9 Damnonians, and 118 Scoti, or Milesians. Whence it appears, that they reigned, on an average, only about twelve years a-piece (O'Conor, Proleg. ii. p. 45); and consequently, that the state of society was then unsettled and turbulent, from the shortness of their reigns, below the usual standard of 22 years.-See Hales' Chronology, Vol. I. pp. 302-305.

II.

ANCIENT PILLARS IN PALESTINE, AND ROUND TOWERS IN IRELAND.

IN the ESSAY, p. 161, was given an account, extracted from the judicious Maundrel's Travels, of an ancient Phoenician temple, cut out of the solid rock, which he saw on the sea-coast, a little southward of Aradus, in the neighbourhood of Tripoli; and about half a mile to the southward of it, two round pillars, represented by A and B in the plate, with sepulchral monuments underneath each.

He describes the pillar (A) as thirty-three feet high. Its longest stone or pedestal was ten feet high, and fifteen square: the superstructure upon which was, first a tall stone in form of a cylinder, and then another stone cut in the shape of a pyramid.

The other pillar (B) was thirty feet two inches high. Its pedestal was in height six feet, and sixteen feet six inches square. It was supported by four lions carved one at each corner of the pedestal. The carving had been very rude at the best, but was now rendered by time much worn. The upper part reared upon the pedestal was all

Pl. 2.