The Data of Ethics

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D. Appleton, 1879 - 288 sayfa
"In this volume Herbert Spencer covers the "data" of ethics (Part I), the "inductions" of ethics (Part II), and the ethics of individual life (Part III). He maintains that there is a natural mechanism--an 'innate moral sense'--in human beings by which they come to arrive at certain moral intuitions and from which laws of conduct might be deduced. Spencer adopted a utilitarian standard of ultimate value--the greatest happiness of the greatest number--and the culmination of the evolutionary process would be the maximization of utility. In the perfect society individuals would not only derive pleasure from the exercise of altruism but would aim to avoid inflicting pain on others. This volume was subsequently published (in 1897) as the first part of The principles of ethics: Volume 1." (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved).
 

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Sayfa 224 - I must again repeat what the assailants of utilitarianism seldom have the justice to acknowledge, that the happiness which forms the utilitarian standard of what is right in conduct is not the agent's own happiness but that of all concerned. As between his own happiness and that of others, utilitarianism requires him to be as strictly impartial as a disinterested and benevolent spectator.
Sayfa v - Government, vaguely indicated what I conceived to be certain general principles of right and wrong in political conduct ; and from that time onwards my ultimate purpose, lying behind all proximate purposes, has been that of finding for the principles of right and wrong in conduct at large, a scientific basis.
Sayfa 123 - Just in the same way that I believe the intuition of space, possessed by any living individual, to have arisen from organized...
Sayfa 164 - Thou hast proved mine heart; thou hast visited me in the night; thou hast tried me, and shalt find nothing; I am purposed that my mouth shall not transgress.
Sayfa 52 - For where no covenant hath preceded, there hath no right been transferred, and every man has right to everything and consequently, no action can be unjust. But when a covenant is made, then to break it is unjust and the definition of injustice is no other than the not performance of covenant. And whatsoever is not unjust is just.
Sayfa 19 - is a definite combination of heterogeneous changes, both simultaneous and successive, in correspondence with external coexistences and sequences.
Sayfa 57 - I conceive it to be the business of Moral Science to deduce, from the laws of life and the conditions of existence, what kinds of action necessarily tend to produce happiness, and what kinds to produce unhappiness. Having done this, its deductions are to be recognized as laws of conduct ; and are to be conformed to irrespective of a direct estimation of happiness or misery.
Sayfa 57 - During its early stages, planetary astronomy consisted of nothing more than accumulated observations respecting the positions and motions of the sun and planets; from which accumulated observations it came by and by to be empirically predicted, with an approach to truth, that certain of the heavenly bodies would have certain positions at certain times. But the modern science of planetary astronomy consists of deductions from the law of gravitation — deductions showing why the celestial bodies necessarily...

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