the Apostles, conformably with the Spirit of God, and the divine Scriptures of the Old and New Testament, and whatsoever they could maintain and prove by quotations from Scripture; but that they should abstain from all other carnal innovations and proposals. The greater part of the preachers, to the best of our belief, have faithfully kept this commandment.

SEC. 2.-NOTE 43, p. 309.

Zwingli, Works 1, 354. "But that the expedition to the Pope (the reinforcements granted by the men of Zurich in 1521) happened in consequence of my efforts, cannot be laid to my charge with truth by any man. For at the very time I was at open enmity with the Papists, and they had broken with me. Three whole years before this time I had preacht the gospel of Christ with earnestness: thereupon the Pope's Cardinals, the Bishops and Legates, of whom the city was never free at that time, often exhorted me with professions of friendship, with intreaties, with threats, with promises of great gifts and benefices. However, I would not yield to them, but resigned under my own hand in the year 1520 a pension of 50 florins, which they paid me annually (they were ready to give me a hundred florins but I would not receive them) which I had refused in the year 1517, but from which they would not release me for three years after"

SEC. 2.-NOTE 52, p. 311.

Anselm vi. 99. "On the next day, the 20th of May, a decree was past that every place should charge its clergy to abstain from preaching of such a character, as to cause the growth of discontent, discord, and error in the Christian faith amongst the common people.

SEC. 2.-NOTE 65, P. 314.

Zwingli's Articles. "1. All persons who say that the Gospe should not be preacht without the permission of the Church, are in error, and reproach their God. 2. The sum of the Gospel is this, that our Lord Christ Jesus, the true Son of God, has proclaimed to us the will of His Father in Heaven, and by His innocence has delivered us from death, and reconciled God to us. 3. Hence Christ is the only way to holiness for all who have been, are now, or ever shall be. 4. Whosoever seeks or shows any other way, he is in error, yea, he is a murderer of souls and

a thief. 5. Therefore all persons who esteem any other doctrine equal to, or higher than, the Gospel, are in error, and know not what the Gospel is. 6. For Christ Jesus is the Leader and the Captain promised and granted by God to all mankind. 7. That He is the eternal salvation and the head of all believers, who are His body, but without Him this body is dead and powerless. 8. Whence it follows that all who live by the Head, are members and children of God: this is the Church or communion of saints, the bride of Christ, Ecclesia Catholica. 9. For the rest, that as the limbs of the body can do nothing without the authority of the head, so in the body of Christ no man can do anything without Christ his head. 11. Hence we see that the constitution of the clergy, from their pomp, their wealth, their ranks, their titles, their laws, is one cause of all disorder: for they agree not with the head. 12. Thus they storm not for the sake of the Head (for to effect this is the object of our labour by God's grace); but because men will care no more for their storming, but render some obedience to the head. 13. When he obeys Christ, man learns the will of God clearly and plainly, and will be drawn to Him by His Spirit, and converted to Him. 14. Therefore all Christian men should use their utmost diligence, that the Gospel of Christ alone may be preacht everywhere. 15. For in belief of this stands our salvation; in disbelief, our condemnation; for all truth is plain in Him. 16. Man learns in the Gospel that human doctrine and human institutions are not profitable for salvation. On the Pope. 17, That Christ is the one only eternal High Priest; hence, it follows, that they who have given themselves out as high priests, resist and oppose the honor and the office of Christ. On the Mass. 18. That Christ by the sacrifice of Himself once made is for ever an abiding and sufficient sacrifice for the sins of all believers; hence it may be concluded that the mass is not a sacrifice but only the memorial of the sacrifice, and an assurance of the redemption which Christ has shown us. 19. That Christ is the one only Mediator between God and us. On Adoration of Saints. 20. That God will give us all things in His name; hence, it follows, that from this time we need no other mediation than His. 21. That when we pray for one another upon earth, we so pray that we trust all things will be granted us through Christ only. On Good Works. 22. Christ is our righteousness; hence, we conclude, that our works are so far good as they are the work of Christ; but so far as they are our own neither right nor good. On the property of the Clergy. 23. That Christ condemns the wealth and pomp of this world; hence, we must infer, that they who amass wealth in his His name are a reproach to Him, and make Him an excuse for their own avarice and wantonness. On Prohibition of Food. 24. That no Christian is bound to works which God has not commanded;

any food may be eaten at any time; hence, we learn, that Käs and Ankenbrief (letters of dispensation) are a Roman trick. On Feast-days and Pilgrimages. 25. That time and place are subject to Christian men, not men to them; hence, it may be known, that they who impose times and places upon Christians, rob them of their freedom. On Cowls, Clothing, and marks of distinction. 26. That God hates nothing more than hypocrisy; so He has taught us that all that is done for appearance sake before men is mere hypocrisy and wickedness; hence, cowls, marks of distinction, shaven crowns, &c., fall to the ground. Of Orders and Sects. 27. That all Christian men are brethren of Christ and brethren to each other; they should boast themselves of no earthly father. Hence all orders, sects, clubs fall to the ground. On the Marriage of Clergy. 28. That all which God has allowed or not forbidden is right; accordingly, marriage is shewn to be becoming in all men. 29. That all persons called spiritual, sin if, when they are convinced that God has denied them the gift of continence, they do not protect themselves by marriage.

On vows of chastity. 30. That they who vow chastity undertake too much, like fools or children; hence, it may be inferred, that they who take such vows, are mocking pious men. On excommunication. 31. That no one man can excommunicate another, but the church, that is, the community in which the person to be excommunicated lives, together with the guardian, that is the Pastor. 32. That man alone may be excommunicated who is a notorious sinner. On Unjust Possessions. 33. That unjust property should not be granted to temples, monasteries, monks, priests, nuns, but be given to the poor, unless it could be returned to its rightful owner. On Supreme Power. 34. The power called spiritual has no grounds for its pomp in the doctrine of Christ. 35. But the secular power receives strength and confirmation from the doctrine and example of Christ. 36. All rights and privileges claimed by the so-called spiritual state, belong to the secular authorities, if they will be Christians. 37. Also all Christians, without exception, are bound to obey them. 38. So long as they require nothing which God has forbidden. 42. If they act unfaithfully and break the rule of Christ, they may be deposed by the will of God. On Prayer. 44. True worshippers call upon God in spirit and in truth without crying out before men. 45. Hypocrites do their works that they may be seen of men, receiving their reward also in this life. So it must needs follow that church-music or crying aloud, without devotion and only for money, is either an effort for fame from men or for gain. On Injury. 48. A man should rather suffer death in the body than injure or disgrace a Christian man. If a man from stupidity or ignorance injure himself without cause, he must not be left sick or suffering, but be restored to

46.

48.

strength, that he do not take that for sin which is not sin. 49. I know no greater injury, than not to allow the clergy to have wedded wives, but to let them have concubines for money. How great a scandal! On Forgiveness of Sin. 50. God forgives sin only through Jesus Christ, His Son, our Lord. 51. Whosoever attributes this power to the creature, deprives God of His honour, and ascribes it to one who is not God; this is real idolatry. 52. Therefore confession, whether made to the priest or to one's neighbour, should not be set forth as the forgiveness of sin, but only as a request for counsel. 53. Penances imposed by human authority (except in cases of excommunication) do not take away sin; they are only imposed by way of menace. 54. Christ has borne all our sorrows and troubles: whosoever therefore attributes to works of penance that which belongs to Christ alone, errs and reproaches his God. 55. Whosoever pretends to remit one sin for the penitent man, stands not in the place of God, or of Peter, but of the devil. 56. Whosoever remits any sin for money only, is a companion of Simon and Balaam, and an especial emissary of the devil. On Purgatory. 57. The true holy Scripture knows nothing of Purgatory after this life. 58. The sentence of departed spirits is known to God alone. 59. And in proportion as God has allowed us to know less upon this subject, we should undertake to know less. 60. I do not condemn a man if he call earnestly upon God to show His grace towards the dead; yet to fix a time for this grace (seven years for a deadly sin), and to lie for the sake of gain, is not human but devilish. On the Priesthood. 61. Holy Scripture knows nothing of the character (ordination-grace) which priests claim in these last times. 62. It acknowledges also no priests, but such as preach the Word of God. 63. It commands that due honor should be shown them, that is, that they should be supplied with food for the body. On the abolition of Abuses. 64. All who acknowledge their error shall not suffer for it, but be permitted to die in peace, and afterwards the Church property be placed on a Christian footing. 65. As for those who refuse to acknowledge, God will surely deal with them. So men should employ no force upon their persons; it might happen that they should conduct themselves so perversely, as to be no longer endurable. 66. All ecclesiastical dignitaries should humble themselves, and set up only the Cross of Christ, not their chests else they will perish, for I warn you, the axe lieth at the root of the tree. 67. If any man desire to confer with me upon tributes and tithes, upon unbaptized children, upon confirmation, I hold myself ready to answer him. Let no one here undertake to contend with sophistry or human trifling, but come to Scripture, have it for the judge (foras canes)! scripture breathes the Spirit of God, thereby let him discover the truth,

:

or if it be as I hope, discovered, let him hold it. Amen-God grant it.

SEC. 2.-NOTE 66, P. 317.

The determination of the Council, "That Master Ulrich Zwingli shall proceed, and henceforth as before preach the holy gospel and the true divine Scripture to the best of his power until he be better informed. Also all other Leut-priests, parochial clergymen, and preachers in their city, district and dominions, should neither accept nor preach any other doctrine than what may be proved from the holy gospel and the rest of the true divine Scriptures: likewise they must not revile one another in any sort, call each other heretics, or by any other reproachful name. Whosoever oppose and are not satisfied with this decision, must be regarded as persons who err and are conscious that they are wrong.

SEC. 2.-NOTE 69, P. 318.

Widmer's complaint: "That we priests hardly know how far we are safe in the city; not to mention when we go out hunting with falcons, or venture in the country amongst the peasants. Besides singing, mass-reading, and the rest of the service of God in use hitherto, is so sorely despised, and openly regarded by the common people as idolatry, and a soul-destroying performance, and denounced in the pulpit as an evident imposture; that I fear, as the Pope, Cardinals, and the Bishop, leave us to shift for ourselves, we shall have to renounce the faith and all divine service in a short time, or else allow ourselves to be put to death by the common people."

SEC. 2.-NOTE 75, p. 319.

Speech of Gaspar Von Mülinen at the Diet at Berne.

"Dear confederates, beware in time that the Lutheran cause, and they who are embarkt in it, gain not the upper hand; for their preachers have brought their city (Zurich) to such a state, that if the nobles themselves wisht to retrace their steps, they could not do so. Matters are come to such a pitch that a man is not safe in his own house. It is necessary that a man should take other men to his house to protect him with arms from all mischance; the cause has advanced so far, that their peasants