THE EXAMINATION PAPERS FOR THE Taylorian Scholarship and Exhibition, in German, MICHAELMAS TERM, 1876. EXAMINERS pro hac vice: C. A. BUCHHEIM, DR. PH. Professor in King's College, London. AND ROBERT LAING, M. A. Fellow of Corpus Christi College. Oxford: TAYLORIAN SCHOLARSHIP AND EXHIBITION. MICHAELMAS TERM, 1876. I. TUESDAY, Nov. 21, 10 A.M.-1 P.M. Questions on the Philology and History of the German Language. 1. Point out the importance of the study of Gothic with respect to German Philology. What, from a grammatical point of view, are the special characteristics of the Gothic tongue? 2. State Schleicher's view of the four principal periods of the German language. In which period did the second consonantal change (Zweite Lautverschiebung) take place, and in which German dialect did it most completely manifest itself? 3. Did the process of consonantal change take place in German prior or subsequent to the usage of the alliteration? Support your view by arguments. 4. Is the Middle High German an organic development of a general Old High German Language, and to what circumstance does it owe its adoption as a literary language? 5. What general vowel-change characterises the transition from Old High German to Middle High German? Give instances of that variation, and state whether it has in any way affected the structure of German verses, and whether a similar change is to be met with in other Aryan languages. 6. What are the distinguishing characteristics as regards pronunciation of the two principal groups of German dialects, viz. the Oberdeutsche and the Niederdeutsche Dialecte? Which particular dialects belong to each of these groups, and which to the Mittelhochdeutsche Dialecte? 7. Explain fully the nature and function of the modification of the vowel called Umlaut. Does the full development of the Umlaut in High German coincide with that in other Teutonic languages? 8. What has caused the adoption in German of the termination -ieren with foreign verbs? Is this termination also appended to any German verbs, and why is it considered more correct to write -ieren than -iren? 9. Trace the origin of the various forms of the verb sein, and point out the grammatical peculiarities in the conjugation of the Middle High German verbs: dürfen, kunnen, müezen, mügen, süln, tugen, turren, gunnen, and wizzen. 10. Give the Teutonic origin of the following words now used in German as French expressions:-Garderobe, Equipage, Staffette, Etape, Bresche, Etiquette, Bivouac, Schatulle, blessieren, Etui, Scharmützel, Banket, Fourage, garnieren, Hellebarde, Grimasse, blockieren. II. TUESDAY, NOV. 21, 2 p.m.-5 P.M. 1. Translate into German : (1) To ascertain the master-current in the literature of an epoch, and to distinguish this from all minor currents, is one of the critic's highest functions; in discharging it he shows how far he possesses the most indispensable quality of his office,-justness of spirit. The living writer who has done most to make England acquainted with German authors, a man of genius, but to whom precisely this one quality of justness of spirit is perhaps wantingI mean Mr. Carlyle-seems to me in the result of his labours on German literature to afford a proof how very necessary to the critic this quality is. Mr. Carlyle has spoken admirably of Goethe; but then Goethe stands before all men's eyes the manifest centre of German literature; and from this central source many rivers flow. Which of these rivers is the main stream? which of the courses of spirit which we see active in Goethe is the course which will most influence the future? and attract and be continued by the most powerful of Goethe's successors?-that is the question. Mr. Carlyle attaches, it seems to me, far too much importance to the romantic school of Germany,-Tieck, Novalis, Jean Paul Richter,and gives to these writers, really gifted as two, at any rate, of them are, an undue prominence. These writers, and others with aims and a general tendency the same as theirs, are not the real inheritors and continuators of Goethe's power; the current of their activity is not the main current of German literature after Goethe. Far more in Heine's works flows the main current; Heine, far more than Tieck or Jean Paul Richter, is the continuator of that which, in Goethe's varied activity, is the most powerful and vital; on Heine, of all German authors who survived Goethe, incomparably the largest portion of Goethe's mantle fell. . . . Heine is noteworthy, because he is the most important German successor and continuator of Goethe in Goethe's most important line of activity. And which of Goethe's lines of activity is this? -His line of activity as a soldier in the war of liberation of humanity.'-MATTHEW ARNOLD. (2) His eyes caught a well-remembered face looking towards him over the parapet of the bridge-brought out by the western light into startling distinctness and brilliancy-an illuminated type of bodily emaciation and spiritual eagerness. It was the face of Mordecai, who also, in his watch towards the west, had caught sight of the advancing boat, and had kept it fast within his gaze, at first simply because it was advancing, then with a recovery of impressions that made him quiver as with a presentiment, till at last the nearing figure lifted up its face towards him-the face of his visions-and then immediately, with white uplifted hand, beckoned again and again. For Deronda, anxious that Mordecai should recognise and await him, had lost no time before signalling, and the |