Carbon-hydrogen ratio in coal as fired as affecting efficiency 72*. Relation of ratio of carbon to available hydrogen and of per cent of avail- able hydrogen to efficiency 72* . Ratio of hydrogen to available hydrogen... Per cent of "volatile matter" in the "combustible". Fixed carbon (proximate analysis).... Relation of efficiency 72* to per cent of oxygen in "combustible' Practical application of theory of heat absorption to a fire-tube boiler. ILLUSTRATIONS. FIG. 1. Relations of rate of combustion to three stated factors.. 2. Relations of rate of combustion to three stated factors taken from heat balance...... 3. Relations of rate of heat evolution to three stated factors... 4. Relations of rate of heat evolution to four stated factors.. 5. Relations of rate of heat evolution to two stated factors.. 24 6. Theoretical curves of factors affecting heat absorption................ 7. Velocity of water circulation in boiler as affected by rate of steaming.. 15. Water-jacketed gas sampler.... 16. Relation of combustion-chamber temperature to flue-gas temperature.. 17. Relations of combustion-chamber temperature to three stated factors... 18. Relations of efficiency 72* to CO and CO2, and of CO2 to efficiency 72*.. 19. Relations of nitrogen to efficiency 72* and to size of coal, and of CO to efficiency 72*.. 20. Theoretical curves of heat absorption as affected by air supply... 21. Classifications on bases of efficiency 72* and of clinker................ 22. Relation of moisture in coal to efficiency 72*, and of efficiency 72* to ash. 23. Relation between ratio of iron in coal to ash in coal and boiler efficiency 72. 24. Relations of clinker in refuse to four stated factors.. 25. Coal classification based on carbon-hydrogen ratio in dry coal. 26. Relation of per cent of ash in dry coal to efficiency 73.... 27. Relations of per cent of ash to seven stated factors.. 28. Relations of sulphur in coal to four stated factors.. 29. Relations of size of coal to eight stated factors.. 30. Relations of size of coal to seven stated factors... 31. Relation of CO, in flue gases to completeness of combustion... 32 Comparison of pyrometer and water-jacket temperatures in combustion chamber.... 33. Smoke classification on basis of black smoke as 100 per cent.. balance factors...... 63 Page. FIG. 36. Relations of differences of draft to pounds of dry chimney gases per pound of "combustible". 66 37. Coal classification based on carbon-hydrogen ratio from analysis of airdried samples.... 46. Efficiency curves of coal classified according to the per cent of rating.... 47. Classification of tests based on available hydrogen..... 83 48. Relation between the ratio of volatile carbon to total carbon and efficiency 72* 86 49. Coal classification based on ratio of hydrogen to available hydrogen... 50. Relations of "volatile matter" in the "combustible" to two statedfactors... 51. Relations of "fixed carbon" to six stated factors. 52. Relations of efficiency 72* to per cent oxygen in "combustible". 87 53. Relations of B. t. u. value of coal to five stated factors.... 54. Temperature-entropy diagrams for boiler........ 55. Availability to a boiler of heat of combustion of carbon.. 56. Temperature-entropy diagrams for steam-turbine cycles. 57. Diagram illustrating the theory of the dislodgment of adhering gaseous molecules... 110 62. Classification based on ratio of certain stated temperatures.. 60. Diagrams illustrating temperature gradients of moving gases... 58. Relative B. t. u. absorbed at different points in a boiler tube.... 123 125 127 131 133 136 138 65. Curves of constant boiler efficiency (E,) and of constant capacity developed.... 141 66. Curves of constant true boiler efficiency (E,) and of constant capacity developed.. 144 67. Probability curves (approximate)...... 68. Relation of unaccounted-for loss to CO loss..: 147 151 69. Dissociation curves of water vapor and carbon dioxide.... 154 70. Comparison of readings of multitubular gas sampler and of single tube in stack..... 155 71. Flue-gas sampler installed to replace A. S. M. E. multitubular sampler. 72. Diagram illustrating probability curve.. 157 158 73. Theoretical curves showing relation of temperature to pounds of air |