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IRELAND.

(From the Times.) Dublin, Sept. 22.-The Right Rev. Dr. Delany, the Roman Catholic Bishop of Cork, has made an appointment in this diocese which has given great and just offence to persons of all religious persuasions. It may be recollected, that at the Cork Assizes of 1838, the Rev. James Burke, together with three persons' named Crean, was found guilty of a conspiracy to swear away the life of a man named Wright, and subsequently sentenced to two years' imprisonment and to pay a fine of 2004. This Rev. delinquent has, it seems, been selected by his diocesan to discharge the duties of assistant to the Rev. Mr. Doheny, the chaplain of the Dunmanway workhouse. The facts connected with Mr. Burke's case having occurred at so remote a period from the present, it may be as well to lay before the reader a brief statement of the circumstances, abridged from the Mail of this evening:

66 A poor widow of the town of Macroom had obtained a civil bill decree for a small sum of money against a comfortable farmer, residing in a wild district which lies between that town and Dunmanway. The ordinary myrmidons of the law were afraid to attempt the execution of its process in the district alluded to; the police could not act in the execution of a civil bill decree, and the poor woman remained without remedy. At length a friend named Wright, the Bridewell keeper, commiserating her situation, volunteered to execute it. He proceeded armed to the defendant's house, and, in a tussle between him and the latter, his (Wright's) pistol went off, and the ball entered the defendant's side, who subsequently died from the wound, and an inquest was held on the body. Wright, in addition to the odium consequent upon an attempt to execute legal process. adhered to that 'pestilential heresy so eloquently denounced by Father Ventura in his funeral oration on the late Mr. O'Connell, and was a Protestant. During the inquest the prosecutors, amongst whom was the Rev. Mr. Burke, alleged that Wright had most wantonly fired at the deceased when standing at a considerable distance and in the act of promising to pay the debt. On the other hand, it was asserted that Wright's pistol had gone off in a struggle between the parties, when an attempt was made to pull him from his horse; and the coat of the deceased was called for, for the purpose of showing that it had been singed in the explosion. A coat was produced and duly sworn to as having been the one worn by the man at the time he received his death' wound. It was observed that the coat produced would not have fitted the de

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THE DESTRUCTION OF JERUSALEM.-What heinous sin was it that could bring down such heavy judgments on the Jewish Church and nation? Can any other with half so much probability be assigned, as what the Scripture assigns, their crucifying the Lord of glory? As St. Paul expresses it (1 Thess. ii. 15), they both killed the Lord Jesus and their own prophets, and persecuted the apostles, and so filled up their sins, "and wrath came upon them to the uttermost." This is always objected as the most capital sin of the nation, and, upon reflection, we shall really find some correspondence between their crime and their punishment. They put Jesus to death when the nation was assembled to celebrate the Passover; and when the nation was assembled too to celebrate the Passover, Titus shut them up within the walls of Jerusalen. The rejection of the true Messiah was their crime, and the following of false Messiahs to their destruction was their punishment. They sold and bought Jesus as a slave; and they themselves were afterwards sold and bought as slaves at the lowest price. They preferred a robber and a murderer to Jesus, whom they crucified between two thieves; and they themselves were afterwards infested with bands of thieves and robbers. They put Jesus to death lest the Romans should come and take away their place and nation, and the Romans did come and take away their place and nation. They crucified Jesus before the walls of Jerusalem; and before the walls of Jerusalem they themselves were crucified in such numbers that, it is said, room was wanting for the crosses, and crosses for the bodies. I should think it hardly possible for any man to lay these things together and not conclude the Jews' own imprecation to be remarkably fulfilled upon them, "His blood be upon us and upon our children." (Matt. xxvii. 25.) -Bishop Newton.

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"Your Grace," at length said the priest, "has chosen an unseasonable time to be merry."

"Merry!" cries the Duke, "I was never more serious in my life. Does not your Reverence see that this is a most beautiful horse?"

"Your Grace," replics the father, "should compose yourself and consider."

"Consider!" answers the Duke, "what must I consider? Don't you see that this is a very fine horse?"

"Ah, my Lord," rejoins the priest, "you know that only a few minutes ago you took it out of the bottle; it is nothing but a cork."

"What, would you persuade me that this fine courser is nothing but a cork?"

"Nothing but a cork," says the priest. "Well," replies the Duke calmly, as if recovering from a dream, "I will not be too positive; my illness may have discomposed my mind, but, Father, how do you prove that this is only a cork?"

"Very easily, my Lord. I look at it and see it is but a cork; I touch it, and feel it to be but a cork ; I taste it, and taste it is but a cork. By the evidence of all my senses I am convinced it is but a cork."

"Your Reverence," assents the Duke, "may be right; I am subject to whims; let us talk no more about the cork, but proceed to the holy business which brought you hither."

The priest then entered on points controverted between Papists and Protestants, and continued until the Duke said,

"If your Reverence will prove to me the doctrine of transubstantiation, I can easily believe all the rest."

The priest then entered into his proofs, and concluded by saying,—

bread is actually changed into the real body of

"After consecration of the bread in the mass, the

Christ."

"No," replied the Duke, "it continues to be mere bread still; and I can prove it to be bread and only bread by your own argument. For I look upon it, and see it is but bread; I touch it and feel it is but bread; taste it, and taste it is but bread. By the evidence of all my senses I am convinced it is but bread. Remember the cork, father; remember the cork!"

The Bible.-How comes it that this little volume, ceased, who was a large man. Mr. Burke, however, composed by humble men in a rude age, when art and and his party maintained that it was the coat he had science were but in their childhood, has exerted more worn, Wright was put upon his trial for murder, influence on the human mind and on the social system before the present Chief Justice Doherty, at the Cork than all other books put together? Whence comes it Spring Assizes, 20th March, 1834, and was acquitted that this book has achieved such marvellous changes upon all counts in the indictment. This trial had no in the opinions and habits of mankind-has banished sooner concluded than Wright, acting on the sugges-idol worship-has abolished infanticide-has put down tions of the Judge, and by the advice of his counsel, polygamy and divorce-exalted the condition of took legal proceedings against Priest Burke and the women-raised the standard of public morality perjurers produced at his trial, for that they did created for families that blessed thing, a Christian falsely and maliciously conspire and confederate to home-crowned its other triumphs by causing benegether to indict, and cause to be indicted, him volent institutions to spring up as with the wand of NEW BISHOPRICS FOR THE CONTINENT.-The (William Wright), with the object of having him enchantment? What sort of a book is this, that even Bishop of London, in consequence of communications capitally convicted and punished for the murder of the winds and waves of human prejudice and passion which have been made, had requested certain suggesDaniel Crean.' Burke forthwith fled the country and obey it? What other engine of social improvement tions to be promulgated relative to the more efficient absented himself therefrom until the Spring Assizes of has operated so long, and yet lost none of its virtue ? government of the Church of England on the Conti1837, when he surrendered, in the expectation, doubt- Since it appeared, many boasted plans of human ame-nent, and the formation of a new diocese for the less, of obtaining a verdict by surprise. The trial did lioration have been tried and failed; many codes of Channel Islands. The plan recommended is-1st. not then proceed. The summer assizes also passed jurisprudence have arisen and run their course, and That his Lordship should henceforth exercise in his away, and it was not until the spring assizes of 1838 expired. Empire after empire has been launched on own person those episcopal functions, which have that he and his associates were brought to justice." the tide of time, and come down, leaving no trace on hitherto, from an imperfect state of the law, and other As already stated, Burke and the Creans were found the waters. But this book is still going about doing causes, been in a manner suspended. 2d. Or that the guilty. good-leavening society with its holy principles necessary powers should be delegated to a suffragan. cheering the sorrowful with its consolations-strength- 3d. Or that, with the consent of the Bishop of Winening the tempted-encouraging the penitent-calm-chester, the Channel Islands should be erected into a ing the troubled spirit-and smoothing the pillow of separate see, and form the north of Europe, as death! Can such a book be the offspring of human Gibraltar forms the south, a centre of episcopal rule. genius? Does not the vastness of its effects demon-It is thought that the Heligoland might be made the Strate the excellency of the power to be of God?Literary Characteristics of the Holy Scriptures, by Dr. M'Culloch.

“Meanwhile,” continues the Mail, "the Board of Guardians—a mixed body-have protested against the admission of such a teacher into the institution under their control, and make the following public appeal to the constituted authorities :

"DUNMANWAY BOARD OF GUARDIANS. SATURDAY,
SEPT. 18. DANIEL CONNER, Esq., in the chair,
"Resolved. That we learn with much regret that
the Roman Catholic Bishop has sent into the parish
of Dunmanway the Rev. J. Burke, who was tried, con-
victed, and sentenced to two years' imprisonment by
Judge Perrin, at Spring Assizes, 1838, for conspiring
to swear away the life of an innocent man, named
Wright, at the Spring Assizes, 1834.

"That we find, by reference to the chaplain's book, that the Rev. Jaines Burke has been acting as chap

It is a singular fact, perhaps not generally known, that in almost every successive edition of the Douay Bible in English for many years past, there is a nearer approximation to the Authorized Version. The late Rev. George Hamilton published a little work full of valuable matter, and clearly establishing the fact.

pied-de-terre for a Bishop to rule the clergy in northeastern Europe, the Bishop of the Channel Islands administering the ecclesiastical government of those in France and Belgium. The ground on which these recommendations are made appear to be that Englishmen abroad, seeking to form themselves into a congrcgation, find no head, no bishop to direct, or, if necessary, to control, them in their choice of clergymen ; or, in long-established settlements, to guide them in obtaining a successor to a former clergyman, whom circumstances may remove.-John Bull.

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THE QUESTION OF WAGES.

(From a Weekly Paper.)

The struggle has commenced between the manufacturer and the operative in Lancashire; each has broken ground and began to take up his position. The master has issued a notice reducing wages ten per cent.; the artisan has struck work; many mills are in consequence closed, and many thousands of workmen thrown out of employment. Meetings are beginning to be held; Societies to be organized; and Chartism is rising with renovated vigour from the ashes of Corn-law agitation.

scarce and so dear as at present, however low the price
of provisions may fall.

The suspension of the firm of Watson, Brothers,
and Co., of Liverpool, who had branch houses at
Leeds and Manchester, has somewhat increased the
feeling of uneasiness, as they were large exporters of
goods. Their liabilities are estimated at 200,000l.
It is anticipated that the turn-out of the factory
operatives will become more general, and that thus
the distress and difficulties of the manufacturing dis-
tricts will be materially increased. Cotton is cheaper,
and the supply promises to be more abundant
than was at one time anticipated; but this does not
appear to have had any favourable influence on the

trade.

Ten per cent. on the wages of the operative is a tolerable instalment of the amount he may be expected to save from the fall in the price of provisions. But will the reduction end there, and will it not by THE FALSE CREED AND THE TRUE CREED, and by be discovered that the millowner has made but a poor exchange in abandoning the home customer for the foreign-the British producer for the Swede and the Polander?

66

The movement has commenced at Mossley. On the 17th inst. the men determined to resist the proposed reduction of ten per cent. on their wages, and quitted their work. On Saturday the turnouts consulted with the spinners of Ashton, and bills headed Alarming Crisis" were posted round both towns calling meetings for Monday. On that day deputations from the operatives of Bolton, Heywood, Oldham, and other towns, arrived at Ashton to take part in the proceedings, and a procession was formed to march to Mossley and escort back the turnouts from that place. There was a large Meeting in the evening of Monday, the room being so crowded that hundreds were unable to gain admission or hear the proceedings. At this Meeting a Resolution was adopted that the factory operatives throughout the manufacturing districts should wholly suspend labour for a time.

On the following morning the workmen assembled in considerable numbers, and visited many of the mills of the district. No violence was attempted, but the men who were at work were invited to leave their employment, and in most instances complied. At Mossley, no less than thirteen mills were wholly stopped, viz.:

"Messrs. Hiltons, one mill; Messrs. Kershaw, two mills; Messrs. Mark and Charles Andrews, two mills; Mr. James Buckley, two mills; Messrs. J. and F. Andrews, one mill; Messrs. Nathaniel Buckley and Sons, four mills; and Mr. Peter Shaw, one mill."

At Ashton five mills are closed ::"Mr. J. S. Badsley, Messrs. Stanley and Chadwick, Messrs. Wright and Charlesworth (two mills), Messrs. Bailey and Dewhurst."

At Dunkinfield two mills are stopped, and in the district generally the numbers were almost hourly increasing. In some cases the operatives propose to continue their work for a short time longer, an arrangement being made with the masters to that

effect.

At Manchester no strike has yet taken place, but the number of operatives unemployed was, from the stagnation of trade, rapidly increasing. The official return for the week ending Sept. 21, shows that no less than eight additional mills were working short time, or had stopped altogether since the previous week, and 12,000 hands were thus partially or wholly deprived of work. A Manchester trade letter of Sept. 23, states :

BROUGHT TO THE TEST.

"For every one that doeth evil, hateth the light, neither cometh to the light, lest his deeds should be reproved. But he that doeth truth, cometh to the light, that his deeds may be made manifest, that they are wrought in God."—John iii. 20, 21.

THE REGISTRATIONS.

BRISTOL.-The revision for the borough commenced on Thursday, in the Grand Jury Room of the Guildhall, before Mr. Graves, the Revising Barrister. Messrs. Bamfield and Vowles appeared for the Conservatives, and Mr. Thomas Field Gilbert, Secretary to the Liberal Association, for the Liberals. The whole of the matters were, however, entirely devoid of interest. The entire of the freemen's list was read through, and the list revised, as far as the mutual arrangement between the two parties would admit; and the same course was also adopted with the householders' lists of All Saints', St. Augustine, Bedminster, and the Castle Precincts, the first two of which were finally closed. It was arranged to take the remnants of the freemen's list on the following morning. BERWICK.-Mr. Thomas Jefferson Hogg held his courts for the revision of the lists of voters here in the Town-hall, on for the borough electors, and on the latter day for the on Mondayand Tuesday; on the forrmer day county electors. On the first day the list of householders was handed into Court by the overseers. There are, it is true, deep mysteries in the sacred There were no objections lodged, but there were three volume, which the powers of the human mind can new claims. George Nicholson Simpson, of Ravensnever fathom; but there are also plain, clear, and sim-downe, had in his claim omitted to sign his name in ple truths, which come home to the understanding of a full; the barrister, in consequence, refused to insert it. child. If there are, as has been said, "depths where William Wilson, of Church-street, did not attend the the elephant must swim," there are, blessed be God, Court to support his claim, therefore it was disallowed. "shallows in which the lamb may wade." If men of the John Hog, of Bridge-street, made out his claim, and most gigantic intellect must confess, that there is a his name was inserted. The churchwardens of Tweedsplendour in the fountain of eternal light, as inaccessi- mouth did not attend to-day with their list. The ble to the vision of their understanding as the blaze of the barrister threatened to fine them for this omisnoonday sun is to their eye; still it is with the word of sion of duty. He subsequently received the God, as with that glorious light of day, that its richest On the following day numerous objections blessings consist in its clear simple application to the were made on both sides, but no point of interest continual necessities, and the plain direction of the arose. Among the new claims William Davidson, of paths of men. Fairney Flat, claimed for house and land, but as he had omitted to say whether they were freehold the claim was disallowed. Robert Gibson, Scuddylaw, was objected to by the Conservatives, and as he did not appear to support his claim it was disallowed. William Gibson, Western-lane, was also objected to by the Conservatives. Mr. Weddell supposed the objection was founded on the appointment the applicant held in the Post-office. This appointment certainly prevented his voting, but he did not think it prevented his being on the register. He might leave the office next day, and ought not therefore to be prevented for a whole year from possessing the franchise. Mr. Spours said a servant in the Post-office could not claim to be included in the register until he had been out of the office for six months. The vote was therefore lost. Rebert Renwick omitted to state in his claim whether his property was freehold, and was dis

The philosopher may ta:: the powers of his intellect in reasoning on the refrangibility, or the polarization of light, or he may scan through his telescope the spots on the disc of the sun; but the peasant can bask as well as the philosopher in its light, he can rejoice as well as he, or the monarch, in its genial beams, as it warms the life-blood in its veins, as it expands the flowers that bloom in his little garden, or ripens the fruits, or the harvest, that grow around his humble dwelling.

list.

allowed the vote.

The most learned of the earth may sit, indeed, wrapt in the mysterious abstractions of the sacred volume, or studying its difficulties, like the spots on the solar dise; but the humblest peasant can lift his eye to his God, and say of this blessed word, as of the morning sun when it breaks through the little casement of his humble cottage-"The entrance of thy word giveth light; it giveth light and understanding to OXFORD.-The Court of the Revising Barrister for the simple." He can say of it, as of that sun when it shines on his noonday walk-"Thy word is a lantern this borough was held on Tuesday, when Mr. Franto my feet, and a light unto my path." He can say ofcillon and Mr. W. Munton appeared for the Rehim whom it reveals, as of that orb when it guides his formers, and Mr. W. Moore and Mr. Judge for the evening steps as he returns homeward from his daily Tories. The general results were, that the Reformers toil-"Yea, though I walk through the valley of the succeeded in twelve claims out of fifteen, and failed in The Tories succeeded in shadow of death, I will fear no evil; for thou art with five objections out of seven. fifteen out of twenty claims, and failed in four out of me." eleven objections. The revenue officers, the Postmaster, and an exciseman, were struck off on Tory objections; but under no circumstances could they vote while in office. Three electors are claimed by both parties. Looking at the numbers added to the register and the changes during the year, the Reformers consider their strength to have increased.

The plain simplicity of the holy word of God cannot be better illustrated thau by the above text, whether we consider the clearness of its truth or the power of its application to the solemn subject. Mark how comprehensive is the range of this simple text-it extends to all the human race, to every age and sex, to every rank and clime, to all, as rational, accountable, immortal beings. It dives into the hearts of men-it condemns all consciousness of sin-it vindicates all conpierces into the inmost recesses of the conscience-it

"To-day was but nominally a market day again, for, as on many preceding Thursdays, there was almost an entire absence of business. No new failures were spoken of, but there seemed to be a want of confi-sciousness of innocence-it embraces alike all respondence, and neither buyers nor sellers appeared anxious to treat in a general way."

From Halifax we learn that "the gloom seems rather to thicken than diminish." From Hudders"field, that "fears are entertained that the present difficulties in the money market will be felt in our district." From Bradford that business continues extremely limited. From Leicester, that "the tightness of the money market produces great caution amongst both purchasers and manufacturers ;" and "that" to force sales a great sacrifice must be sub"mitted to." From Nottingham, that "the demand is in a declining state." The accounts from other districts are less gloomy; but it is impossible to resist the conviction that all our great seats of manufacture are in a most depressed state, and that little improvement can be looked for while money continues so

sibility to man and to God, all accountability in time
and in eternity; it is felt in every relation of subjection
and authority; of a child to his parent-when he is
conscious of his sin, he hates the light; of a servant
to his master-of a subject to his ruler of the sinner
to his God.

Guilt shrinks from it-innocence flies to it; vice
hates it-virtue loves it; falsehood trembles at it-
truth rejoices in it; Satan is "the prince of darkness"
—the saints are “children of the light."

A DELICATE SUIT IN CHANCERY.-The gentlemen of the long robe are likely to be engaged in a case, in the ensuing term, in which the dangers of the Romish confessional will be strikingly developed, and the infallibility of the priesthood will be seriously questioned.-Birmingham Advertiser.

life of Sir Matthew Hale, I find that he employed the DAILY SCRIPTURE READINGS.-In reading the pen to aid him in his spiritual meditations. He wrote tained contemplation of divine things have been so as he thought; and hitherto my attempts at the susconfused and unsatisfactory, that I am glad to try the worketh not without means but by them, bless this same expedient. May the Spirit of God, who less objects of faith and eternity! Guard me, O humble endeavour after a nearer approach to the viewheavenly Father, against the illusions of fancy. Suffer me not to walk in sparks of my own kindling. In thy light may I clearly see light; and let me never abandon the guidance and supreme authority of that word which thou has exalted above all thy name. Teach me the habit of communion with thyself; and may these imperfect aspirations after thee upon earth, open a way for the full enjoyment of thine immediate presence and of thy revealed glory in heaven.-Dr. Chalmers' Sabbath Meditations, August 30, 1835.

RAILWAY EXPENDITURE.

The following letter has been addressed to the editor of the Manchester Guardian by Mr. Houldsworth, Chairman of the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway Company :

"TO THE EDITOR OF THE MANCHESTER GUARDIAN.

addressed to the shareholders of the Lancashire and

made.

"Sir,-Referring to your remarks in the Guardian of the 11th inst., on observations of mine recently Yorkshire Railway Company on the effect of railway expenditure, I trust you will allow me to fill up the rather incomplete statement I then, for want of time, I fully agree with you, that the diversion of so much capital to railway purposes as would restrict the productive industry of the country in any degree is an evil which ought to be taken into account, and I am of opinion that such an effect will be produced if the recent rate of expenditure is maintained; but I do not think that that effect has yet been felt in any appreciable degree. I am not aware of any one product of our industry of which there is not more than a sufficient supply for the present demand, or any article the price of which is as yet enhanced by want of capital for its production, traceable to railway expenditure.

Now, during the last year, Providence withheld probably 30,000,000 or 40,000,000 in value of the usual gift annually bestowed upon us, and for six months of the year, until after the beginning of 1847, the consumption continued at or near the previous rate; to these circumstances, coupled with the deficiency in the supply of cotton, and, perhaps, aggravated in the credit, under the operation of Sir Robert Peel's Bill spring by the sudden shock given to commercial (the general soundness of which, if it embraced a slight degree of elasticity under proper restrictions, I the heavy losses in grain, and consequent failures,-I am by no means prepared to question), and again, by expenditure, so far; and, as the causes which brought ascribe more of the present pressure than to railway about these evils have to a great extent disappeared, I influence which I conceive they have exercised. look for an early improvement, proportioned to the

Railway expenditure, however, still continues at a yourself and others who have properly directed rate to create embarrassment; and I only differ from public attention to the subject as to the degree in which its continuance, at the same rate, supposing the other causes of pressure removed, is likely to affect

us.

I would conclude by saying, that, although I think the railway expenditure has undoubtedly aggravated the present difficulties, it is not as yet the primary bears only on part of the community, the expenditure, cause. At the same time, as the pressure for capital if continued at the rate of the past nine months of this year, or so large as to keep up the rate of in

TRANSUBSTANTIATION.

Anne Askew was burnt at the stake in the year 1546, for denying the doctrine of Transubstantiation, &c. Strype gives the following short account of her examination :

"Sir Matthew Bowes (Lord Mayor) sitting with secing her stand upon life and death-I pray you, most meet for his wisdom, and the Council, as quoth he my Lords, give me leave to talk to this Leave was given. woman.

that the priest cannot make the holy body of Christ? "Lord Mayor.-Thou foolish woman, sayest thou

"Anne Askew.-I say so, my Lord; for I have read

that God made man, but that man made God I never read, nor, I suppose, ever shall read it.

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Lord Mayor.-No! thou foolish woman, after the words of consecration, is it not the Lord's body? "Anne Askew.-No, it is but consecrated bread or sacramental bread.

"Lord Mayor.-What, if a mouse eat it after consecration, what shall become of this mouse? what sayest thou, thou foolish woman?

"Anne Askew. What shall become of her, say you, my Lord ?

"Lord Mayor.-I say that the mouse is damned ! "Anne Askew.-Alack, poor mouse!"

CITY OF WESTMINSTER CATHOLIC ASSOCIATION.

I quite concur with you, that the arresting of all improvements in the various branches of industry for five years would be a serious evil, and that it would be much better if the expenditure on railways, which Parliament has sanctioned, had been spread over eight or ten years. I blame both Parliament and the Government terest above five per cent., is sufficiently pregnant with Catholic Association (established for the vindication of

for not having interposed to mitigate the evil at the close of the session of 1846, when the aggregate capital sanctioned that session was ascertained. It might have been done either by direct interference to check the rapidity with which the capital may be called up (which would only have been an extension of the principle already embodied in every Railway Act in the clauses regulating the frequency and amount of calls), or indirectly by suspending the powers of the Railway Acts which owed their existence to the time of excitement until a majority of the shareholders in each company respectively had voluntarily registered.

I admit that if the number of able-bodied labourers diverted from agricultural to railway employment prevents the perfect tillage and progressive improvement of land, that also is an evil of magnitude; but I do not attach to this point the superior importance you do, over the differential effect of the increase in the rate of wages consequent upon railway employment, because I do not anticipate any permanent scarcity of agricultural labourers-what proof have we that any such evil exists; and, if not now, that it will arise? I do not think the number of men likely to be employed in the construction of railways in the next few years will exceed the average of the last two years; and if any serious scarcity of agricultural labourers were to arise from the carrying on of railway works, it would necessarily have been more felt at the time of the first abstraction of such labourers than subsequently. Again, if any real scarcity should arise, I believe Ireland can more than supply the deficiency without in any way impeding the progress of agricultural improvement in that country. I do not, therefore, now attach th importance to that element of the question whic' you attri bute to it, and which I myself once did, and I believe that we have still to look chiefly to the difference in the scale of expenditure of the labouring classes, traceable to railway outlay, for the measure of the extra burden which the railway expenditure imposes on the surplus capital of the country.

Concurrently with this burden we may have another to sustain. The Almighty, in his wisdom, has withheld, in 1846, a portion of the annual gifts he dispenses to his creatures, and to that extent we had less to spend,-interrupted or restricted labour, want of raw materials to work upon, or want of capital to supply the implements of production and keep in active operation such as we have,-all may produce a similar pressure.

If, in this state of things, consumption goes on at its previous rate, which it always does for a considerable time after the accession of such evils,-if we consume all that Providence gives us, all that we produce or receive in exchange for the various articles of munufacture, and something more, then, to the extent of this something more (which must soon show its amount by the export of gold) we are crippling our means and diminishing the floating surplus capital of the country, to the inconvenience of all.

evil to point out the importance of spreading the outlay over a longer period.

the Government securities sink far below their present If the high rate of interest continue, we shall see value, mortgages foreclosed to the ruin of thousands, and an immense amount of misery created, quite within the power of Parliament, but not so much within the power of railway Boards themselves to

mitigate.

Let the Government declare that they will introduce a measure at the commencement of the session, to facilitate the postponement of railway works, and much of the apprehension and difficulty would cease. I must plead the great advantage of the public discussion of important questions like this, when the public mind is intently directed towards them, as the only apology for troubling you with these observations, or presuming to occupy public attention on the question. I remain, Sir, yours very truly, H. HOULDSWORTH.

AN INNOCENT POPE.

Alex. Pope, Knight, shortly after his lady had been King James I. once condescended to visit Sir delivered of a daughter. The infant was presented to his Majesty with a copy of Latin verses in her hand, with which the King was much pleased. They may be thus translated :

Behold that tiny lady there,
Who never sat in Peter's chair,
Nor saw a prelate stoop before her,
And sing Te Deum and adore her;
To whom no triple keys were given,
Of Purgatory, Hell, or Heaven;
Who never benefices sold,
Nor pardoned mortal sins for gold,
Nor of aspiring projects full,
Thundered from Rome a bellowing bull;
Giving to pride and crime full scope,
Yet is, in truth, a genuine Pope;
Though never monarch bowed him down,
To prostrate at her feet his crown ;
Or kneeled, and with obeisance low
And humble gesture kissed her toe;
Yet she's a Pope; you'll say a second Joan;
Nay, sooth, she is Pope Innocent or none.

The valuable advowson and right of presentation to the Vicarage of Camberwell, diocese of Winchester, is, by direction of the mortgagee, to be offered for sale in December, subject to the life of the Incumbent. The present rent-charge in lieu of tithes is 1,100% per annum, the ground rents arising from buildings, glebe lands, dividends on stock, with surplice and Easter fees and offerings, increasing the value of the living to upwards of 2,000% per annum.

Mr.

Tuesday night, a numerously attended Meeting of the friends and supporters of the City of Westminster Catholic rights and privileges, and the more extensive registration of Catholic electors), was held at the Pagliono took the chair, and, in explaining the object Literary Institution, Great Windmill-street. for which they had assembled, congratulated the Meeting on the success which had already attended the infantine operations of the Association. The Secretary stated, that from returns forwarded to the Com

mittee, it had been discovered there were, in the city of Westminster, a vast number of Roman Catholics qualified to possess the elective franchise whose names did not appear on the register. It was also in contemplation on the part of the Committee, to establish, as a means of increasing the Catholic constituency, commodious and comfortable lodging-houses for the working classes, and to found Catholic Benefit Building Societies. Messrs. Buckingham, Lucas, Ryan, and other gentlemen having addressed the Meeting, several members were enrolled, and a vote of thanks was passed to the chairman.- Morning Post.

Episcopacy, or rather episcopal architecture, is extending in Scotland. A new chapel on an extensive scale, in connexion with the Scottish Episcopal communion, is to be erected in Perth; 6,000l. is the sum named as the cost, but as the Bishop confirmed extrinsic aid will be required to raise the amount. only twenty-five individuals at his primary visitation, The secession of English Presbyters has also retarded the progress of the episcopal system.

ANTI-GOLD LAW LEAGUE.-Several gentlemen who take a deep interest in the currency question, have formed an Association under the above name, which is to meet in congress for the first time next week in the metropolis. It will be attended by gentlemen from all parts of the country. The congress is expected to sit for several days, and will probably commence its labours on Thursday next. Several of the gentlemen who are to be present and take part in the proceedings, are members of respectable banking firms in the provinces, and others are partners in mercantile houses of high standing. There are, we are told, some differences of opinion among them as to the precise footing on which the currency of the country ought to be placed, but all are agreed in the propriety of an immediate and entire repeal of the Bank Restriction Act of 1844. The great majority are for a recurrence to a paper currency and the reissue of one pound notes.-Daily News.

A Meeting took place at the Freemasons' Hall on Monday week, to sympathize with the Pope, and to protest against the occupation of Ferrara by the Austrian troops. Nothing worthy of note took place.

THE AFFECTIONS.-It appears unaccountable that our teachers generally have directed their instructions to the head, with very little attention to the heart. From Aristotle down to Locke, books without number have been composed for cultivating and improving the understanding; but few, in proportion, for cultivating

the affections.

SECESSIONS FROM THE CHURCH.

THE POPE AND THE SULTAN. The measure adoped by the Porte for withdrawing (From a Country Paper.) its consuls and agents from Greece, with the necessary Surely it will not now be contended that the doc- non-recognition of the Greek flag, was likely to lead trines of the so-called "High Church" party are free to a delicate question with Russia, for it was said that from all the doubts, not to say charges, brought the measure could not be carried out effectually unless against them of leading their disciples on the high-the passage of the Dardanelles and Bosphorus should road to Rome. It has been our painful duty week after week to record the secession from the Protestant

Church of estimable men-men whose private character, as far as appearance goes, entitles them to the highest respect and esteem; and were it not for their writings and public professions undoubtedly they would receive for their works of charity, zeal, and apparent fidelity, our highest gratitude. But, unfortunately, lately events show us the danger of placing too much faith in their fidelity to the Protestant Church. We would not that our readers should consider us as condemning entirely the movement that has taken place in the forms of worship, but we would seriously and earnestly entreat those who advocate and lay so much stress, and apparently attach so much importance, to forms, in their endeavours to fix the minds of their congregations on spiritual things; and we know from personal experience that many good men and staunch Churchmen, both amongst the clergy and laity, many, very many, who, we believe, would lay down their lives for the Protestant Church, still feel that a strict observance of forms is an essential part of their duty-it is to these men-conscious of the rectitude of their own intentions, without doubt of their zeal, without question as to the correctness of their motives-that we would address a few words of earnest exhortation to beware of the doubts and difficulties they raise in the minds of those less stable, less attached by principle, by education, by study of the Scripture, lest they lead their congregations to lean so much on forms, that the vital spirit of our Saviour's religion escape them.

That the last few months have presented many examples of this, no one, we think, will question; and we grieve to be obliged to record another in the family of Mr. Burns, of Portman-street. Mr. Burns's secession, individually, would not have induced us to depart from a prescribed rule,-that of no direct interference in religious matters, did we not view his embracing the Romanist religion to be attended with much broader and more calamitous consequences to the rising generation. It is well known that Mr. Burns has been the most confidential publisher of many of the High Church party; his publications have attained an extended circulation; they are written for the most part in a pleasing and attractive style; not that the works are necessarily Popish because their publisher has become so; but, if in the getting up of these his mind has been swayed to Rome, how much greater will be the influence over the reader who has not the ability or the means of combatting the doctrines they, under the impression of an excited imagination, inculcate.

That evil has been done to the Protestant faith in high quarters we will not now consider: that an evil spirit possesses some is without doubt: it therefore is the more imperative on those who have respect for the Church and the religion of Christ to watch always, lest they place a stumbling block in the path of their neighbours, remembering the words of St. Paul, "It is good neither to eat flesh, nor to drink wine, nor anything whereby thy brother stumbleth, or is offended, or made weak."

It is too late for the clergy now to tell their congregations to take any particular view in reading the Scriptures, or the doctrinal parts thereof. The publication of the Tracts for the Times opened the way for the public to judge for themselves on these matters; it is now only left to the pastors, if they would not raise up a spirit of revolt in the minds of their hearers, to confine themselves to scriptural teaching, leaving doctrinal subjects for private consideration and private teaching.

be closed against Greek vessels trading with Russian ports. Our Constantinople correspondent leans to the opinion that the Divan will not shrink from this act, no matter what the consequences may be. This, perhaps, may not be an improper place to notice a fact that has not received so much attention as it deserves-namely, the effect that the Pope's example has produced upon Turkey. It is already known, to be sure, that a Turkish ambassador has paid the Sultan's respects to his Holiness, but it is not so well known that a seeming interchange of politeness between the representative of the High Priest of Mahomet and the successor of St. Peter, covered a negotiation which excited in a lively degree the jealousy of France. This latter power claims to be the protector of Christians throughout the Eastern world-a claim which she seeks to exercise not only in all the dependent provinces of Turkey, but carries it as far as China. The blow-up of 1,000 Cochin-Chinese the other day may serve to show that this claim is not so grave a joke as people might be led to suspect. The ambitious Pope Pius conceived the idea of wresting this protectorate from France, and exercising it himself through accredited residents at Constantinople, and in other parts of the Ottoman Empire. The French Government took fire and interfered. object was baffled, and, being so baffled, was the The Pope's immediate cause of a coolness in relations, which is generally attributed to other motives, such as the discovery of a compact with Austria, &c. The Porte was highly favourable to the Pope's project, because the establishment of independent diplomatic intercourse with Rome would, it was expected, serve to lead to a counterpoise of influence such as was exercised by other powers. Baffled as the Pope was he yet set the example of assuming a free line of conduct, shaking off the trammels which Austria and France sought in turn to impose, and it is assumed, with much appearance of reason, that the example has been caught by the Porte, and the Greek dispute will be made to answer the purpose of showing that the Sultan knows how to take counsel from his own sense of dignity.

ROME AND THE BIBLE.-The Church of Rome

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It has been resolved, on the suggestion of various friends, to continue our journal on an enlarged scale, as a Weekly Paper, to be published each Friday, price Sixpence, as soon as arrangements can be completed. It will then assume the name of "THE PROTESTANT STATESMAN, AND CHRISTIAN PHILAN THROPIST."

has no standard text, no true basis for any translation
of the Bible. It has rejected the Hebrew Canon of
the Old, and the Greek of the New Testament (Conc.
Trid. Ses. 4), and substituted what is denominated
St. Jerome's Latin. But Jerome made two transla-
tions, and confesses that the first was corrupt, and
that in his second he corrected many errors that were
in the first. Now, which of the two translations does
the Church of Rome canonize? If Cardinal Bellar-
mine be any authority upon the point, the corrupt
one! He says,-"Though Jerome did see some
things fit to be changed, and afterwards did alter remittance till receipt of the first number.
them, yet the Church adjudged the first to be true,
and chose rather to keep that for the vulgar edition."
-Bellar. de verbo Dei, lib. ii. cap. 9.

If each one who now takes our journal will become a subscriber of 14. 6s. for one year, and inform us of his willingness to do so, and will get one other friend to do the same, we shall see our way clear to proceed in the work. Subscribers will not be called on to make any

THANKSGIVING.-The following letter has been addressed to the clergy of the diocese of Bath and Wells:-"Wells, September 16, 1847. Reverend and dear Sir,-It having pleased Almighty God mercifully to hear the prayers of his people, and to bless the land with abundance, I feel sure that in urging upon you the fitness of a grateful acknowledgment of these undeserved mercies, I shall only be requesting you to do what is already the one wish of us all. I beg, therefore, that on the Sunday after the receipt of this letter, and for the period of one month subsequently, you will read, or cause to be read, in your church the Form of Thanksgiving for Plenty' prescribed in the Liturgy. I am, your faithful servant and affectionate brother, BATH AND WELLS."

DUNDEE. The parochial Board of Dundee is in future to bury paupers in black, instead of white LORD SANDON.-A requisition, headed by Sir coffins, as before. The difference in price is one Thomas Brancker and many other leading merchants, shilling per coffin, but that was the main stumbling- is now in course of signature, calling upon the Mayor block. It was stated that of 340 coffins supplied to to convene a public Meeting, to consider the propriety paupers only seventy-one belonged to Dundee; and of presenting a testimonial to Lord Sandon, in the mover of the Motion offered to compound, if co- acknowledgment of his services during the sixteen loured coffins were given to parishioners; but ulti-years he has represented Liverpool in Parliament. mately it was carried by sixteen to thirteen that all Upwards of 7001. has been subscribed for the testishould receive the privilege of sable enclosures. monial.-Liverpool Standard.

THE CHOLERA. We regret to find, by the fol lowing accounts from Berlin and Frankfort, that this fearful scourge is rapidly approaching the coufines of Poland. The Journal des Débats publishes a letter, dated Berlin, 15th inet, which announces that several cases of Asiatic cholera had appeared at Charkow and at Kiew. Letters received from Warsaw, the 9th inst., state that the Governor-General of the kingdom of Poland had appointed a Committee of physicians to suggest measures for the preservation of the kingdom from the irruption of dated Warsaw, 12th inst., which states that the the cholera. The Frankfort Journal publishes a letter, utmost consternation prevails in that city in consequence of the appearance of cholera at Kiew, and its rapid progress towards the west. The authorities were preparing hospitals and a lazaretto at Warsaw.

Printed by ALEXANDER MACINTOSH, Printer, of No. 20, Great New-street, London, at his Printing-office at the same place, and published by WILLIAM ADOLPHUS MACKNIGHT, of No. 6, Dorisstreet East, Lambeth, Surrey, at THE PROTESTANT ELECTOR Office, No. 3, Shoe-lane, London, where all communications (pre-paid) and advertisements are received-London, September 29, 1847.

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The present number brings to a close the "PRO- the fourth Lateran Council, now in full force amongst
TESTANT ELECTOR."

It was originated for a temporary object and for a limited period. That object has in some degree been served, and the period for terminating our paper has arrived according to the terms at first announced.

Of our friends and readers we take farewell, at least for the present. Personally, they are for the most part unknown to us, as we are to them. Still, we rejoice to see many whom we know lending assistance in this work, from love and devotedness to the cause alone.

To those who have aided by contributions, literary or pecuniary, in a work at all times arduous and expensive, we desire thus publicly to award our acknowledgments and thanks, and for anything rightly designed, attempted, or performed, we would ascribe all praise to Him, from whom alone the power to think,-to originate,-or to accomplish what is right, proceeds.

Our periodical, during the short period of its existence, has been devoted to one object and to that alone: to expose error and support truth, to mark the progress and unveil the designs of Popery and Pro-Popery statesmen: to urge on our fellowcountrymen to a conduct adequate to their privileges and duties, and the crisis in which we are placed, has been our continued effort.

Without favour to court, or frown to fear, our object has been, wisely and boldly to set forth what we believed right, in humble reliance upon the blessing of Him in whose cause, albeit unworthily, we have felt ourselves privileged to labour.

May He, in mercy, avert the evils which darkly lower upon our horizon; and cause our country and our Church to be a yet greater blessing to the world.

TOO MUCH ON ONE SIDE. Fellow-Protestants,Allow me to call your attention to the insidious progress Popery is making in this island, and to remark, that while everything unpleasant to the feelings of Roman Catholics is removed or removing, but little respect is paid to your Protestant consciences, in making you pay for the instruction of young men at Maynooth College, intended for Roman Catholic priests, taught in the class-books of that seminary, that it is no crime, but rather meritorious, for the followers of the Bishop of Rome to destroy a member of the Anglican Church, under the misnomer of a heretic, if he cannot be converted.

the Romanists in these realms:-" But let the Ca-
tholics, who have taken the sign of the cross, have
girded themselves for the extermination of the heretics,
enjoy the same indulgence and be armed with the
same privilege as is conceded to those who go to the
assistance of the Holy Land;" besides many other
things most obnoxious to the consciences of Pro-
testants.

As the Jesuits have a principal share in teaching
at the College of Maynooth, it would seem important
you should clearly understand their principles.

And recollect that Popery boasts of being the same now as when the preceding was written. May God relieve us Christians from paying for the teaching of committing sins, at the command of the General of the Jesuits!

As to the endowment of the Roman Catholic Bishops by this country, it seems astonishing how any one could think of it, in any case, still less while they are appointed by the Bishop of Rome; thus forming a foreign Government within, and independent of, the native Government of the land: it would be literally paying for appointments made by the Pope in these realms.

Many, it is to be hoped, without consideration, look upon these appointments as a matter of conscience and religion, but this cannot be, unless the Pope is to be permitted to hold one rule of conscience for Great Britain and Ireland, and ano. ther for the several kingdoms of Europe, as appears from the Report of the Select Committee appointed by the House of Commons in 1816. There it is shown that, in Austria, Bohemia, and Hungary, the Sovereign has the sole right of appointing Bishops to the Romish Church; and the Imperial Royal "placet" is indispensable, before bull, brief, rescript, or Papal fulmination of any kind can reach its destination. In Venice they must be laid before the Council of Senators; in Tuscany, Sardinia, France, Spain, Portugal, Switzerland, Denmark, Sweden, Prussia, the Netherlands, similar restrictions uniformly exist; the appointment of Bishops rests almost universally with the Sovereign, and several instances are recorded of refusals to publish bulls of the Popes, on the ground of their incompatibility with the civil peace of the country, and loyalty of the people.

PROROGATION OF PARLIAMENT.-At the Privy Council, held by the Queen at Osborne, Isle of Wight, on Tuesday, Parliament was ordered to be further prorogued from Tuesday, the 12th of October, until Thursday, the 11th of November.

[PRICE 3d.

EXTRACTS FROM CORRESPONDENCE.

ROMISH BULLS.

TO THE EDITOR OF THE PROTESTANT ELECTOR.

Sir,-The Tablet, noticing the letter of "Ignotus" in the Times, which stated that the Bull, In Cœnâ Domini, remained uncancelled, unrepudiated by Pius IX., desiderates a more accurate knowledge of history. The Tablet thus proceeds to trace the course of this Bull, and informs its readers, that it was formally suspended by Pope Clement XIV. in 1770, and has never been renewed. I wish now to place the succeeding remarks of the Tablet in juxta-position with Cardinal Erskine's note:

Tablet.

Report from Select Com-
mittee of House of Com-
mons, 1816, App. 341.
Note of Cardinal Ers-
kine, August, 1793.
"The Bull, In Cœná
Domini, was published
every year on Holy
Thursday, until Clement
XIII., out of compli-
ment to some princes, to
whom some parts were
obnoxious, left off pub-
lishing it on the said
day. This Bull, although the
(The italics are mine.) formality of its publication

"According to the
therefore, it
Times,
would seem that the
grand obstacle to diplo-
matic connexion with
Rome is a Bull, which,
from the battle of Agin-
court down to the seige
of Bender, was regularly
published every year,
but which, for the last
seventy-seven years, has
never reared its head in
public view."

is now omitted, is, neverthe-
less, implicitly in vigour in
all its extension, and is like-
wise observed in all cases,
where there is no impediment
to the exertion of the Pope's
authority; therefore it must
legally be looked upon as a
public declaration to preserve
his rights."-Laws of the
Papacy, p. 304.

This will, perhaps, be sufficient to satisfy your readers, but will the Times be convinced? Where is "Ignotus?" Why should he put forth objections, and allow the replies to them to remain unanswered, as though they were indeed unfounded? Is not this playing the game of Rome? Are there no tongues to cry out against connecting our country with Rome ?

The Papists hold Meetings in favour of their country, as Mr. Lucas, on the 6th of September, at a Meeting in London, the Re John Moore in the chair, called Rome. own country (loud cheers);

"Rom

NEWSH

yo

In dear land

FACTOR

PROTESTA

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