smorire grow pale; smorto pale
soave sweet, pleasant
sofferare endure; sofferiate,
VII, 16; sofferino, VII, 37;
(archaic form for soffrire)
soffrire endure, suffer, deign,
allow

sognare vb. dream

sogno n. dream, III, 76

sola Lat., feminine of solus
alone, XXVIII, 1
solamente only
sole sun

solere be accustomed; sola-
vate, XXXVII, 5; solete,
XXXVII, 9; suole, XXXIX,
23

solingo solitary
sollenare soothe, (cf. Toynbee,
Dante Studies, p. 43)
sollicitare urge

solo adj. alone; adv. only, at
least

solvere solve, explain
somigliante like, XXV, 47
somigliare resemble, XXIV, 148
sommo highest

sommovere move, stir

sonetto sonnet; see Introd.

sonno sleep, slumber

spandere spread

---

the

spaventare alarm
spene hope; vostra
thing you hope for, XIX, 39
spera sphere; la che più
larga gira, XLI, 35 (the
ninth and largest of the
movable spheres or heavens,
cf. XXIX, 16: tutti e nove
li mobili cieli; the primo
mobile, enclosing the other
spheres); see cielo
speranza n. hope
sperare vb. hope

spesso adj. frequent, many;
adv. often

spezialmente especially
spiramento inspiration

spiritale spiritual, XXXIII, 41
spiritello little spirit, XIV, 31
spirito, spirto spirit; see note on
II, 13
spiritualmente spiritually, in
the spirit, XLI, 14
splendore resplendence

stellato starred, of stars; cielo eighth heaven, of fixed stars, II, 7 stesso self

stilo style, XXVI, 20 (either manner, cf. Purg. XXIV, 62, or writing implement, cf. Par. XXIV, 61) stoltamente stupidly stringere bind; stretto, XL, 27, narrow; see distretto struggere waste away, VII, 32;

lay waste, XXXI, 87; see distruggere

strumento instrument; see istrumento

T

tacere be silent, keep silent;

reflex. XXIV, 31

temere vb. fear; temendo non,

temendo di non fearing lest tempo time; a gran tempi for a long time

tempus Lat. time, XII, 15 tenere hold, maintain, compel,

restrain; reflex. abstain; tegno, tengo 1st pers. pres.; terrò (future); tenni pret.; lo modo ch'io tenesse the manner I should follow tentare try

tentazione temptation terminare end

termine limit, end; tutti li
termini the uttermost bounds
terra earth

terremuoto earthquake, XXIII,
27; cf. XXIII, 143
terribile terrible
terzo third

terzodecimo thirteenth

tesoro treasure

testa head

testè just now

testimoniare testify
testimonio witness

ti, te pron. thee; ten = te ne
tibi Lat. pron. to thee
tirare draw

Tisirin Tixryn (the names of two
months in the Syrian calendar);
— primo Tixryn prior (corres-
ponding to October) XXIX, 4
toccare touch upon
togliere take away; tolle pres.;
tolsi pret.; tolta partic.
Tolomeo Ptolemy, XXIX, II
(famous astronomer, born in
Egypt about 100 A. D., for
whom the Ptolemaic system
of astronomy was named; cf.
Inf. IV, 142)

tormento torment
tormentoso grievous
tornare return

torto n. guilt, wrong, VIII, 44
tortoso guilty, VIII, 44
tostamente straightway
tostano quickest, XIX, 82
tosto soon, early in life, II, 26;
XII, 82

tra among, between
tramortire grow faint
tramutare transform

transitis Lat., 2d pl. pres. of

transeo pass, VII, 35
trapassare pass by

trarre draw, lead, utter, with-
draw; trae pres.; traendo
partic.; trasse, trassero pret.
trasfiguramento transfigure-

ment

trasfigurazione changed ap-
pearance, transfiguration
trattare treat, discourse; fa-
cesse a might serve to
treat

trattato treatment, subject of
treatment; see note on XIX,88
travagliare vb. harass, trouble,
wander, be distracted; n.
troubled appearance

tre three

tremare vb. tremble; triema
pres.; n. trembling

tremore trembling, tremor
tremoto, XVI, 30, tremuoto,
XXIV, 3 trembling
tribulazione tribulation
Trinitade Trinity, XXIX, 28
tristizia, XXII, 21; XXXI,
3, 67 sadness, grief
tristo sad

Troiani Trojans (enemies of the
Greeks in Vergil's Aeneid; cf.
Dardanide), XXV, 51
troppo too; adj. troppa gente,
troppi too many people
trovare find, invent
trovatore poet, III, 45 (Prov.
trobador, troubadour)

tu, te, ti Lat., pron. 2d pers.
thou, thee

turbare disturb, darken; reflex.
be disturbed

tuttavia still, nevertheless, con-
tinually, always

tutto all, everything; del

umile humble, modest, yielding, dejected umilemente, umilmente humbly

umiliare make humble umilità, XXIII, 159; umilitade, XXIII, 46; umilitate, XXXI, 50; umiltà, XXIII, 162;umiltate, XXXIV, 32 humility uno one, a

uomo man; one, someone, XII, 107; see omo usanza custom

usare use, make use; reflex. be accustomed; usato tomed

accus

uscire depart, issue, go out;

esce, escono pres.

ut Lat. that

utile useful

V

valente worthy, virtuous valore worth, valor, power vaneggiare go astray vanità, vanitade vanity, instability

Vanna Vanna (familiar form of name Giovanna), XXIV, 43 vano vain, unreal; sì come vana vainly, without judgment, XIX, 78 varietate variety

vedere see, look upon; vide present, XV, 28; XXI, 18; vedemo pres., XVIII, 28; vederebbono, cond.; vedestù =vedesti tu

vedovo widowed, abandoned, XXX, 2 veduta n. sight velo veil

veniens Lat., participle of venio come, II, 17

venire come; - meno fail; ven, venmene me ne vene, 3d pers. sing, pres.; vennemi=mi venne, pret.; vegnonmi 3d pl. pres. with pron.; venia imperf.; verrà future; verrebbe cond. vento wind venuta n. coming

ver see vero, verso verace true

veracemente truly, certainly vergogna shame

vergognare reflex. be ashamed vergognoso ashamed verità, XXIII, 130; veritade,

V, 16; XXIX, 12, truth vero adj. true, actual; n. truth; adv. truly; o or else verso n. verse; dire per versi write in meter (in Latin verse), XXV, 23

verso, ver prep. toward vertù, II, 37; vertude, XV, 7; vertute, VIII, 49; virtù, XIX, 44; virtudi, X,9; virtue (8), power (2), faculty (15) vertuosamente, see virtuosamente, X, 13

vesta garb XXV, 71 vestimento, pl. vestimenta garments, raiment

vestire clothe; vestita, II, 10;
III, 4; vestuta, XXVI, 31
vestra Lat., feminine of vester
your

vi, ve pron. you, to you; vi adv.

there, thereupon

via n. street, way; adv. away;

tre tre three times three
viam Lat., accusative sing. of
via way, VII, 36; XXIV, 26
vide Lat., imperative sing.,
videte pl. of video see
vidua Lat. widow, XXVIII, 2
vile vile, coarse, mean, ignoble,
wretched, cowardly
vilissimo most vile

villano discourteous, churlish,
base, VIII 19, 36; XIX, 47;
XXIII, 50

vilmente basely, wretchedly
viltà, XIX, 96; viltate, XXXV,

28 cowardice, wretchedness
vincere conquer, win; vinti

overcome

Virgilio Vergil (Latin poet of
the Augustan age, author of
the Aeneid, Dante's guide in
Hell and Purgatory), XXV, 50
virgo Lat. virgin, XXVIII, 6
virtù, virtude see ver-
virtuosamente, vertuosamente
virtuously, by virtue, by
means of power

virum Lat., accusative sing. of
vir man, XXV, 62

visione vision, III, 17, 49; IV,
1; XII, 50; XIII, 1; XLII, 2
visivo

of sight, XIV, 76;
(spiriti del viso, XIV, 27)

viziosamente viciously
vizioso evil, vicious
vocabulo word, XL, 26
voce voice, rumor, gossip
voglia n. wish, longing
voi pron. you; vb. see volere
volare fly

volentieri willingly
volere vb. wish, desire; voglio,
voi', vo' 1st pers. pres.; vuoli
2d pers. pres.; volea imperf.;
vorrei cond.; n. wish
volgare adj. common, vernacu-
lar (not Latin) XXV, 17–39;
pl. volgare, XXX, 17; per -
XXX, 12 in Italian
volgere turn; mi volgo, VIII,
59; volse, volsero pret.
volontade, volontate will, de-
sire; di volere desire of

-

wishing, VI, 3; XXI, 2
volta time

vos Lat. ye

voto empty, devoid

vox Lat. voice, XXIV, 26

vui (in rhyme for voi) XII, 72;
XIV, 66; XIX, 27